Cosmética ocular: generalidades e implicaciones médicas / Ocular cosmetics: general features and medical issues

Los cosméticos han sido productos usados ampliamente a lo largo de la historia, que referencian culturas, jerarquías, géneros, tendencias y moda, entre otras implicaciones socioculturales. Su uso ha llevado a que la cosmética y la cosmiatría se desarrollen como ciencias, que a su vez han difundido tanto el uso de productos como el desarrollo de procedimientos que resalten la estética y promuevan la permanencia histórica de los cosméticos como referentes de belleza y de identidad social. La cosmética ocular resalta la expresión de los ojos y la belleza reflejada en estos, sin embargo hay implicaciones médicas dermatológicas y oftalmológicas para tener en cuenta cuando de su uso, indicaciones y complicaciones se trata. Se realizó una revisión de literatura para el desarrollo del presente manuscrito, con el fin de describir las generalidades de la cosmética ocular y periocular, así como sus implicaciones médicas y complicaciones asociadas.

Cosmetics have been widely used throughout history shaping cultures, hierarchies, genders, trends, fashion, among other sociocultural implications. Its use has led to the development of cosmetics and cosmiatry as sciences, that in turn have spread the use of products and the development of procedures that highlight aesthetics and promote the historical permanence of cosmetics as standard of beauty and social identity. Ocular cosmetics highlights the expression of the eyes and the beauty reflected in them, however there are dermatological and ophthalmological medical implications to consider when it comes to its use, as well as indications and complications awareness. A literature review was implemented for the development of this manuscript, in order to describe the general issues of ocular and periocular cosmetics, as well as its medical implications and associated complications

Sarcoma de Kaposi conjuntival gigante por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: remisión total tras terapia antirretroviral y quimioterapia sistémica / Human immunodeficiency virus-associated giant conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma: complete remission with antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy

CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente varón de 35 años con lesión conjuntival tumoral hemorrágica unilateral y otra contralateral poco elevada, de curso subagudo y asociadas a máculas cutáneas violáceas en extremidades y angiomas digestivos como primera manifestación de inmunodepresión por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). La biopsia cutánea, de mucosa estomacal y conjuntival confirmó el diagnóstico de sarcoma de Kaposi con resolución total de las lesiones con terapia antirretroviral y quimioterapia sistémica. CONCLUSIÓN: El sarcoma de Kaposi conjuntival asociado a infección por el VIH, incluso de grandes dimensiones, puede tener una buena respuesta al tratamiento antirretroviral y quimioterápico sistémicos sin necesidad adicional de terapia ocular local

CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old male patient with a large unilateral haemorrhagic conjunctival tumour lesion and another contralateral haemorrhagic conjunctival flat lesion associated with violaceous cutaneous macules on the extremities and angiomatous lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract as initial clinical manifestation of HIV-related immunodeficiency. Cutaneous, gastric mucosal and conjunctival biopsy was consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma with complete remission after highly active antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: HIV-related conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma, even a large one, can have a good response to antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy without any additional topical eye treatment

Safety assessment of cosmetic products, with emphasis on the ocular area: regulatory aspects and validation processes

Before marketing a cosmetic product, a series of biological assays, such as ocular irritation tests, must be conducted in order to prove that the product is safe. However, a few scientific articles mention the discussion and evolution of cosmetic products testing performed in the eyes area. The aim of this study was to review the available literature on the evolution of tests carried out with cosmetics, in the ocular area, as well as to describe the methodologies that have been used and that are currently accepted. In Brazil, tests performed on animals are still allowed. However, the international laws strongly recommend the use of alternative methods for evaluating the risk of cosmetic ingredients and products. Regulatory requirements involving the registration of these products also request safety support of them in human beings. To perform ocular tests in human beings, it is necessary to involve an ophthalmologist for conducting clinical protocols. These protocols signed by the expert physician are sent to the National Health Surveillance Agency in order to endorse the product manufacturer concerning its safety. The safety support of a cosmetic product is very important, taking into account that the consumer has free access to these products of widespread use in today's society.

Com o objetivo de comprovar que um produto cosmético é seguro, antes que este seja colocado no mercado, este deve passar por uma série de ensaios biológicos, que avaliem sua segurança, como, por exemplo, os testes de irritação ocular. Porém, poucos artigos científicos trazem a discussão e a evolução sobre os testes de produtos cosméticos realizados na área dos olhos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a evolução dos testes realizados com cosméticos, na região ocular, bem como descrever as metodologias que já foram utilizadas e as que são aceitas atualmente. No Brasil, são ainda permitidos testes em animais, entretanto, as legislações internacionais indicam fortemente a utilização de métodos alternativos para avaliação de risco de ingredientes e produtos cosméticos. As exigências regulatórias que envolvem o registro desses produtos solicitam também a comprovação de segurança destes produtos em serem humanos. Para a realização dos testes oculares em humanos, é necessário o envolvimento de um oftalmologista na condução de protocolos clínicos. Esses protocolos assinados pelo médico especialista são enviados à Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, a fim de respaldar o fabricante do produto sobre a segurança do mesmo. A comprovação da segurança de um produto cosmético é bastante importante, considerando-se o livre acesso aos consumidores e o amplo uso desses produtos na sociedade atual.

Evaluación clínica de gel formulado a base de hojas de Pelargonium robertianum L. (geranio) para el tratamiento de bolsas de ojos ("ojeras") de origen acuoso / Clinical evaluation of gel formulated on the basis of leaves of Pelargonium robertianum L. (geranium) of watery origin for the treatment of bags (rings under the eyes)

Se evaluó el efecto sobre las bolsas de ojos ("ojeras") de origen acuoso de un gel formulado a base de hojas de Pelargonium robertianum L. (geranio), en 57 voluntarios de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 50 años, todos residentes en la ciudad de Lima (Perú). La aplicación fue realizada una vez al día durante un mes, y se administró una dosis de preparado de aproximadamente 1,5 g diarios, excluyéndose la utilización de cualquier otro preparado convencional. El seguimiento clínico se llevó a cabo cada siete días. El ensayo, previo consentimiento informado, demostró que el gel posee propiedades para la atenuación y/o desaparición de bolsas de ojos ("ojeras") de origen acuoso. El 7,69 % fue evaluado como excelente, el 59,61 % como bueno y el 32,70 % como regular. En consecuencia, las hojas de Pelargonium robertianum L. (geranio) se presentan como una fuente de materia prima natural de bajo costo y con un gran potencial para su empleo en cosmética.

The effect was evaluated on the bags ("rings under the eyes") of watery origin of gel formulated on the basis of leaves of Pelargonium robertianum L. (geranium), in 57 volunteers of both sexes between 20 and 50 years old; all of them was residents of Lima city (Peru). The preparation was applied once a day during one months. A dose of it was administered every day approximately 1,5g being excluded the use of any conventional other preparation. The clinical pursuit was carried out every seven days. The test, prior informed consent, demonstrated that the gel of watery origin possesses properties for the reduction and/or disappearance of bags of eyes ("rings"). The 7,69% was evaluated as excellent, the 59,61% as good and 32,70% as regular. In consequence, the leaves of Pelargonium robertianum L. (geranium) show up like a source of natural raw matter of low cost and with a great potential for its use in cosmetic.